{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:36:16Z","timestamp":1781886976336,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The perineal body (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content>) plays an important role in supporting the pelvic floor and the posterior vaginal wall, but its attachments and relationships are still debated. This study aimed to assess the normal anatomy of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> using high\u2010resolution three\u2010dimensional endovaginal ultrasound (3D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVUS<\/jats:styled-content>) in asymptomatic nulliparae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>To validate the identification of perineal structures, 3D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVUS<\/jats:styled-content> was initially performed on nulliparous cadavers. Fresh frozen pelves were prepared and echogenic structures thought to be the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content>, the external anal sphincter, the superficial and deep transverse perineii, pubovaginalis, puboperinealis, puboanalis, puborectalis and iliococcygeus muscles were tagged with biopsy needles, and marked with indigo carmine dye for localization during dissection. In the second part of the study, consecutive asymptomatic nulliparae were prospectively imaged with the same ultrasound modality. Interrater reproducibility was assessed off\u2010line from stored 3D <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> volumes using a standardized technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five fresh frozen pelves and 44 asymptomatic nulliparae were assessed with 3D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVUS<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> was seen as an ovoid structure of mixed echogenicity between the rectum and vagina. It appeared to be divided into a superficial level, in contact with the external anal sphincter, the bulbospongiousus and the superficial transverse perineii muscle and a deep level, in contact with puboperinealis and puboanalis muscles. Interobserver repeatability was excellent for the measurements of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> height [intraclass correlation coefficient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.927], <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content> 0.969) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> width (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content> 0.932).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> is divided into two levels with different anatomical relationships with the pelvic floor muscles. 3D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVUS<\/jats:styled-content> yields reproducible assessment of this complex structure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1442563139000},"page":"400-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Perineal body anatomy seen by three\u2010dimensional endovaginal ultrasound of asymptomatic nulliparae"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"G. 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