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Understanding the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> and its relation to the anorectum is essential to permit safe dissection during the perineal phase of the operation and avoid damage to the anorectum and urogenital organs. This study describes the anatomy and histology of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> relevant to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six human adult cadaver pelvic exenteration specimens (three male, three female) from the Leeds <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIFT<\/jats:styled-content> Research Tissue Programme were studied. Paraffin\u2010embedded mega\u2010blocks were produced and serially sectioned at 50\u2010 and 250\u2010\u03bcm intervals. Sections were stained by immunohistochemistry to show collagen, elastin and smooth muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> was cylindrically shaped in the male specimens and wedge\u2010shaped in the female ones. Although centrally located between the anal and urogenital triangles, it was nearly completely formed by muscle fibres derived from the rectal muscularis propria. Thick bundles of smooth muscle, mostly arising from the longitudinal muscle, inserted into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> and levator ani muscle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAM<\/jats:styled-content>). The recto\u2010urethralis muscle originated from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> and separated the anterolateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> from the urogenital organs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smooth muscle fibres derived from the rectal muscularis propria extend into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAM<\/jats:styled-content> and appear to fix the anorectum. Dissection of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APE<\/jats:styled-content> is safe only when the smooth muscle fibres that extend into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> are divided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,26]],"date-time":"2015-09-26T02:48:52Z","timestamp":1443235732000},"page":"688-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The anatomy of the perineal body in relation to abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A. C.","family":"Kraima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pathology and Tumour Biology Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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