{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T15:41:12Z","timestamp":1705506072819},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continence is dependent on anorectal\u2013brain interactions. Consequently, aberrations of the brain\u2013gut axis may be important in the pathophysiology of faecal incontinence (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>) in certain patients. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of recording brain responses to rectal mechanical stimulation in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> using functional magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, cohort pilot study was performed to assess brain responses during rectal stimulation in 14 patients [four men, mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) age 62 (15) years]. Blood oxygen level dependent (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content>) signals were measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content> during rest and mechanical distension, involving random repetitions of isobaric phasic rectal distensions at fixed (15 and 45\u00a0mmHg) and variable (10% above sensory perception threshold) pressures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> signals in response to high pressure rectal distension (45\u00a0mmHg) and maximum toleration were observed in the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, insular cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, supramarginal gyrus, putamen and amygdala. Additionally, activation of the supplementary motor cortex and caudate nucleus with inconsistent activity in the frontal lobe was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has demonstrated the feasibility of recording brain responses to rectal mechanical stimulation using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>, revealing activity in widespread areas of the brain involved in visceral sensory processing. The observed activity in the supplementary motor cortex and caudate nucleus, with relative paucity of activity in the frontal lobes, warrants investigation in future studies to determine whether aberrations in cerebral processing of rectal stimuli play a role in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T07:16:50Z","timestamp":1493018210000},"page":"917-926","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Brain responses to mechanical rectal stimulation in patients with faecal incontinence: an <scp>fMRI<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Mirbagheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Centre  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Academic Colorectal Unit Sydney Medical School University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hatton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010S.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Colorectal Unit Sydney Medical School University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience \u2013 Thompson Institute University of the Sunshine Coast  Maroochydore DC Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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