{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:30:52Z","timestamp":1788888652758,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001511","name":"Auckland Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1415003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1415003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is increasing awareness of the poor functional outcome suffered by many patients after sphincter\u2010preserving rectal resection, termed \u2018low anterior resection syndrome\u2019 (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). There is no consensus definition of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and varying instruments have been employed to measure functional outcome, complicating research into prevalence, contributing factors and potential therapies. We therefore aimed to describe the instruments and outcome measures used in studies of bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection and identify major themes used in the assessment of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies published between 1986 and 2016. The instruments and outcome measures used to report bowel function after low anterior resection were extracted and their frequency of use calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The search revealed 128 eligible studies. These employed 18 instruments, over 30 symptoms, and follow\u2010up time periods from 4\u00a0weeks to 14.6\u00a0years. The most frequent follow\u2010up period was 12\u00a0months (48%). The most frequently reported outcomes were incontinence (97%), stool frequency (80%), urgency (67%), evacuatory dysfunction (47%), gas\u2013stool discrimination (34%) and a measure of quality of life (80%). Faecal incontinence scoring systems were used frequently. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      score and the Bowel Function Instrument (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BFI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) were used in only nine studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is common, but there is substantial variation in the reporting of functional outcomes after low anterior resection. Most studies have focused on incontinence, omitting other symptoms that correlate with patients\u2019 quality of life. To improve and standardize research into\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , a consensus definition should be developed, and these findings should inform this goal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T04:56:39Z","timestamp":1497416199000},"page":"713-722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Defining low anterior resection syndrome: a systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9611-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Keane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"O'Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. 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