{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:33:42Z","timestamp":1793666022851,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The internal anal sphincter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAS<\/jats:styled-content>) contributes substantially to anorectal functions. While its autonomic nerve supply has been studied at the microscopic level, little information is available concerning the macroscopic topography of extrinsic nerve fibres. This study was designed to identify neural connections between the pelvic plexus and the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAS<\/jats:styled-content>, provide a detailed topographical description, and give histological proof of autonomic nerve tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macroscopic dissection of pelvic autonomic nerves was performed under magnification in seven (five male, two female) hemipelvises obtained from body donors (67\u201392\u00a0years). Candidate structures were investigated by histological and immunohistochemical staining protocols to visualize nerve tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nerve fibres could be traced from the anteroinferior edge of the pelvic plexus to the anorectal junction running along the neurovascular bundle anterolaterally to the rectum and posterolaterally to the prostate\/vagina. Nerve fibres penetrated the longitudinal rectal muscle layer just above the fusion with the levator ani muscle (conjoint longitudinal muscle) and entered the intersphincteric space to reach the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAS<\/jats:styled-content>. Histological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the presence of nerve tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autonomic nerve fibres supplying the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAS<\/jats:styled-content>emerge from the pelvic plexus and are distinct to nerves entering the rectum via the lateral pedicles. Thus, they should be classified as<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAS<\/jats:styled-content>nerves. The identification and precise topographical location described provides a basis for nerve\u2010sparing rectal resection procedures and helps to prevent postoperative functional anorectal disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T17:06:35Z","timestamp":1508951195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Internal anal sphincter nerves \u2013 a macroanatomical and microscopic description of the extrinsic autonomic nerve supply of the internal anal sphincter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Stelzner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Dresden\u2010Friedrichstadt General Hospital Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"B\u00f6ttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy Center of Clinical Anatomy Christian\u2010Albrechts University Kiel Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kupsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Dresden\u2010Friedrichstadt General Hospital Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Kneist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Quirke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Tumour Biology Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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