{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:13:46Z","timestamp":1777929226529,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>Previous studies have found an increased risk for microscopic colitis (MC<\/jats:styled-content>) associated with proton pump inhibitors. In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC<\/jats:styled-content>) or Crohn's disease (CD<\/jats:styled-content>), proton pump inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk for IBD<\/jats:styled-content> flares and impaired outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the epidemiological associations between gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux disease (GERD<\/jats:styled-content>) and MC<\/jats:styled-content>, UC<\/jats:styled-content> or CD<\/jats:styled-content> in a large database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method<\/jats:title>The Miraca Life Sciences Database is a national electronic repository of histopathological records of patients distributed throughout the entire USA<\/jats:styled-content>. A case\u2013control study evaluated whether the presence of Barrett's metaplasia, erosive oesophagitis on endoscopy or histological signs of reflux oesophagitis, clinical diagnosis of GERD<\/jats:styled-content> or any GERD<\/jats:styled-content> type affected the occurrence of MC<\/jats:styled-content>, UC<\/jats:styled-content> or CD<\/jats:styled-content> among 228\u00a0506 subjects undergoing bidirectional endoscopy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate OR<\/jats:styled-content>s and their 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> for the risk of MC<\/jats:styled-content>, UC<\/jats:styled-content> or CD<\/jats:styled-content> associated with various types of GERD<\/jats:styled-content> and were adjusted for age, sex and presence of Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The analysis revealed an inverse relationship between GERD<\/jats:styled-content> and different types of inflammatory bowel disease. The inverse relationships applied similarly to MC<\/jats:styled-content> (mean\u00a0=\u00a00.62, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.58\u20130.66), UC<\/jats:styled-content> (mean\u00a0=\u00a00.89, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.81\u20130.97) and CD<\/jats:styled-content> (mean\u00a0=\u00a00.76, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.69\u20130.85). It also applied to different forms of GERD<\/jats:styled-content>, with a trend towards more pronounced inverse relationships associated with Barrett's metaplasia or erosive oesophagitis than clinical diagnosis of GERD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux disease is inversely associated with all forms of inflammatory bowel disease, such as MC<\/jats:styled-content>, UC<\/jats:styled-content>, or CD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T11:24:36Z","timestamp":1522495476000},"page":"813-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Decreased risk for microscopic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease among patients with reflux disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Sonnenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. O.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miraca Life Sciences Irving TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. M.","family":"Genta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miraca Life Sciences Irving TX USA"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Epidemiological risk factors in microscopic colitis: a prospective case\u2010control study","volume":"19","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Ba\u00f1ares F","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"A649","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of flare of inflammatory bowel disease (abstr)","volume":"130","author":"Aberra F","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000455008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182618506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-016-0171-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016673859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(70)80004-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318078ce91"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"843","volume-title":"Gastrointestinal Pathology: An Atlas and Text","author":"Fenoglio\u2010Preiser CM","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31805563f3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.037499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4841-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal5240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2008.00911.x"}],"container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcodi.14114","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/codi.14114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T08:04:41Z","timestamp":1694937881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/codi.14114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/codi.14114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/codi.14114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8910","1463-1318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8910","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}