{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T12:44:39Z","timestamp":1694522679769},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013R1A1A2061651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013R1A1A2061651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to isolate and propagate internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter, with or without radiotherapy, for tailored cell therapy of faecal incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sphincter progenitor cells were isolated from normal internal and external anal sphincters collected from 10 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone abdominoperineal resection with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6) or without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4) preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The isolated cells and differentiated muscle fibres were identified using immunofluorescence assay, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>). The proliferation of progenitor cells with and without radiotherapy was compared by quantitative 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>) assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunofluorescence assay before differentiation confirmed that the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>34 and neural\u2010glial antigen 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NG<\/jats:styled-content>2), whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>34 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAX<\/jats:styled-content>7. After differentiation, the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, calponin and \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin, whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, myogenic factor 4 and myosin heavy chain. The differential expression profiles of both cell types were confirmed by western blotting and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content> assays showed that the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells was significantly lower in the radiotherapy group than that in the nonradiotherapy group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study describes the differential harvest internal and external sphincter muscle progenitor cells from human anal sphincters. We confirm that radiotherapy decreases the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T09:30:30Z","timestamp":1532597430000},"page":"38-47","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Isolation of internal and external sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter with or without radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"I. T.","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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