{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:34:59Z","timestamp":1792031699132,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low anterior resection syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>) can affect up to 70% of all patients with rectal cancer. In the last two decades, sacral nerve stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content>) has emerged as an effective treatment for faecal incontinence. There is some encouraging literature on the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>. The purpose of this review is to provide an up to date review on the utility of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> Embase<\/jats:styled-content> and PubMed databases (January 1981\u2013March 2019). Studies identified were appraised with standard selection criteria. Data points were extracted, and meta\u2010analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. All studies used the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCIS<\/jats:styled-content>), whereas the low anterior resection syndrome score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content> score) was used in three studies. Overall median improvement in the scoring system was 67.0% (range 35.5%\u201388.2%) after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> implantation. There was a significant reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCIS<\/jats:styled-content> after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> implantation (mean difference 11.23, 95% confidence interval 9.38\u201313.07, <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011.90, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content> score was also significantly reduced after using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content> (mean difference\u00a017.87, 95% confidence interval 10.15\u201325.59, <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04.54, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> may provide symptomatic benefits for patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content> refractory to medical therapy. However, the current level of evidence remains limited. A large multicentre study of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content> using the validated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content> score is warranted. In addition, the cost\u2010effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> for patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARS<\/jats:styled-content> needs further exploration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T11:22:55Z","timestamp":1557746575000},"page":"1240-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Sacral nerve stimulation for bowel dysfunction following low anterior resection: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5416-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SOuRCe (Surgical Outcomes Research Centre) Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"RPA Institute of Academic Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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