{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:47:16Z","timestamp":1784605636503,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ability of patients with poor pudendal nerve function to voluntarily contract their external anal sphincter is limited. However, it is not known whether the condition of the pudendal nerve influences voluntary puborectal muscle contraction. Recently, we described the puborectal continence reflex that maintains faecal continence by involuntary contractions of the puborectal muscle. We aim to investigate whether both voluntary and involuntary contractions of the puborectal muscle are influenced by the condition of the pudendal nerve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analysed 129 adult patients who underwent anorectal function tests at the Anorectal Physiology Laboratory. Anal electrosensitivity was used as a measurement of the pudendal nerve function. Voluntary and involuntary contractions of the puborectal muscle were defined as maximum puborectal muscle contractility and maximum pressure at the level of the puborectal muscle during the balloon retention test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Voluntary contraction of the puborectal muscle was significantly decreased in patients with pudendal nerve damage (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.002). Involuntary contractions, however, were not associated with the condition of the pudendal nerve (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.63). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the condition of the pudendal nerve and patients\u2019 sex significantly predicted voluntary contraction but not involuntary contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Voluntary contractions of the puborectal muscle are significantly decreased in patients with pudendal nerve damage, while involuntary contractions of the puborectal muscle are comparable to those of patients without nerve damage. We conclude that the puborectal continence reflex, which controls involuntary contractions of the puborectal muscle, is not regulated by the pudendal nerve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T17:22:28Z","timestamp":1562260948000},"page":"1296-1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The puborectal continence reflex functions independently of the pudendal nerve"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8012-266X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. E.","family":"Jonker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Anorectal Physiology Laboratory University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"van Meegdenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Anorectal Physiology Laboratory University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Trzpis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Anorectal Physiology Laboratory University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. M. A.","family":"Broens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Anorectal Physiology Laboratory University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Pediatric Surgery University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e3182a42d16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980080205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.00922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.8.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-1433.2003.02885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.124844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000175165.46481.a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0779-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.72.Suppl_4.S3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02562120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-016-2722-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2008.01717.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181ceeb22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12341"}],"container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcodi.14750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/codi.14750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/codi.14750","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/codi.14750","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T03:26:18Z","timestamp":1694229978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/codi.14750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/codi.14750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/codi.14750","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8910","1463-1318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8910","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}