{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:07:08Z","timestamp":1789873628698,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many of the current follow\u2010up schedules in a watch\u2010and\u2010wait approach include very frequent MRI and endoscopy examinations to ensure early detection of local regrowth (LR). The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence and detection of LR in a watch\u2010and\u2010wait cohort and to suggest a more efficient follow\u2010up schedule.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal cancer patients with a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant therapy were prospectively and retrospectively included in a multicentre watch\u2010and\u2010wait registry between 2004 and 2018, with the current follow\u2010up schedule with 3\u2010monthly endoscopy and MRI in the first year and 6 monthly thereafter. A theoretical comparison was constructed for the detection of LR in the current follow\u2010up schedule against four other hypothetical schedules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 50\/304 (16%) of patients developed a LR. The majority (98%) were detected at \u22642\u00a0years, located in the lumen (94%) and were visible on endoscopy (88%). The theoretical comparison of the different hypothetical schedules suggests that the optimal follow\u2010up schedule should focus on the first 2\u00a0years with 3\u2010monthly endoscopy and 3\u20136 monthly MRI. Longer intervals in the first 2 years will cause delays in diagnosis of LR ranging from 0 to 5\u00a0months. After 2 years, increasing the interval from 6 to 12\u00a0months did not cause important delays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal follow\u2010up schedule for a watch\u2010and\u2010wait policy in patients with a clinical complete response after chemoradiation for rectal cancer should include frequent endoscopy and to a lesser degree MRI in the first 2\u00a0years. Longer intervals, up to 12\u00a0months, can be considered after 2\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T21:55:41Z","timestamp":1615931741000},"page":"1785-1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The evaluation of follow\u2010up strategies of watch\u2010and\u2010wait patients with a complete response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7621-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hester E.","family":"Haak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"\u017dmuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology Institute of Oncology Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2990-0099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doenja M. J.","family":"Lambregts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina G. H.","family":"Beets\u2010Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarno","family":"Melenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geerard L.","family":"Beets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Dutch Watch\u2010and\u2010Wait Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31078-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30074-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002761"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4687-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","article-title":"Management and outcome of local regrowths in a watch\u2010and\u2010wait prospective cohort for complete responses in rectal cancer","author":"Sande ME","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.7176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Richtlijn Colorectaal Carcinoom;2019; [cited 2020 06\u201307\u20102020]. 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