{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T23:05:28Z","timestamp":1756076728698,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011371","name":"Royal Australasian College of Surgeons","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faecal incontinence is common and of multifactorial aetiologies, yet current diagnostic tools are unable to assess nerve and sphincter function objectively. We developed an anorectal high\u2010density electromyography (HD\u2010EMG) probe to evaluate motor\u2010evoked potentials induced via trans\u2010sacral magnetic stimulation (TSMS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anorectal probes with an 8\u2009\u00d7\u20098 array of electrodes spaced 1\u2009cm apart were developed for recording HD\u2010EMG of the external anal sphincter. These HD\u2010EMG probes were used to map MEP amplitudes and latencies evoked via TSMS delivered through the Magstim Rapid<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (MagStim Company). Patients undergoing pelvic floor investigations were recruited for this IDEAL Stage 2a pilot study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight participants (median age 49\u2009years; five female) were recruited. Methodological viability, safety and diagnostic workflow were established. The test was well tolerated with median discomfort scores \u22642.5\/10, median pain scores \u22641\/10 and no adverse events. Higher Faecal Incontinence Severity Index scores correlated with longer MEP latencies (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.58, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and lower MEP amplitudes (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046), as did St. Mark's Incontinence Scores with both MEP latencies (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and MEP amplitudes (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This HD\u2010EMG probe in conjunction with TSMS presents a novel diagnostic tool for anorectal function assessment. Spatiotemporal assessment of magnetically stimulated MEPs correlated well with symptoms and offers a feasible, safe and patient\u2010tolerable method of evaluating pudendal nerve and external anal sphincter function. Further clinical development and evaluation of these techniques is justified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T07:55:47Z","timestamp":1696578947000},"page":"2257-2265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical utility of trans\u2010sacral magnetic stimulation\u2010evoked sphincter potentials and high\u2010density electromyography in pelvic floor assessment: Technical evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7369-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Varghese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armen A.","family":"Gharibans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rowan","family":"Collinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6530-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian P.","family":"Bissett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy M.","family":"Stinear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"O'Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7377-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niranchan","family":"Paskaranandavadivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70195-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)05388-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439\u2010020\u201002581\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004180"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"RamachandranS.Design & Development of rectal EMG probe for the assessment of anal sphincter muscles (ResearchSpace@ Auckland 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.975386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31819f7400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2012.03003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14418"}],"container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/codi.16753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T23:51:03Z","timestamp":1700783463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/codi.16753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/codi.16753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/codi.16753","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8910","1463-1318"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1462-8910"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1463-1318"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}