{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:01:25Z","timestamp":1792429285263,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) has increased in the past two decades despite improved awareness of the risk factors. This study aimed to define the incidence of OASIS in women with different features (instrumental delivery or other variables).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted on articles reporting the incidence of OASIS. This review aims to examine the association of instrumentation and OASIS by performing a formal systematic review of the published literature. Databases used for the research were MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and \u2018Maternity and infant care\u2019 databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two independent reviewers screened the selected articles. 2326 duplicates were removed from the total of 4907 articles. The remaining 2581 articles were screened for title and abstract. 1913 articles were excluded due to irrelevance. The remaining 300 were screened as full text. Primiparity associated with the use of forceps were the features associated with the highest incidence of OASIS in the selected articles (19.4%). OASIS in all women had an overall incidence of 3.8%. The incidence of OASIS in all women by geographical region was the highest (6.5%) in North America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are various factors that impact on the incidence of OASIS and the combination of some of these, such as the use of forceps in primiparas, resulted in the highest incidence of OASIS. The lack of international consensus is limiting the improvements that can be done to reduce OASIS rates and improve best clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T08:05:18Z","timestamp":1703232318000},"page":"227-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A systematic review and a meta\u2010analysis on the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries during vaginal delivery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6150-8316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Orlando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0519-9031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hotouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whipps Cross Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolynne","family":"Vaizey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.The management of third\u2010 and fourth\u2010degree perineal tears. 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