{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:22:07Z","timestamp":1777674127583,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ileus is characterized by a period of intestinal dysmotility after surgery, leading to vomiting and constipation. In preclinical models, vagus nerve stimulation reduces intestinal inflammation and prevents smooth muscle dysfunction, accelerating the return of gut function. This study explored the feasibility of a definitive trial of non\u2010invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) along with an early assessment of efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicentre, randomized feasibility trial (IDEAL Stage 2B) of self\u2010administered nVNS was performed. Patients undergoing colorectal surgery were randomized to nVNS or sham before and after surgery. Feasibility outcomes comprised assessments of recruitment, compliance, blinding and attrition. Clinical outcomes were measures of intestinal function and adverse events. All participants were followed up for 30\u2009days. Interviews with patients and health professionals explored barriers to feasibility and perspectives around implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 125 patients were approached about the study and 97 (77.6%) took part. Across all randomized groups, the median compliance to treatment was 19 out of 20 stimulations (interquartile range 17\u201320). The incidence of adverse events was similar across groups. In this unpowered feasibility study, the time taken for the return of gut function (such as first passage of stool) was similar between nVNS and sham treatments. According to interviews, patients were highly motivated to use the device because it provided them with an opportunity to engage actively in their care. Health professionals were highly driven to tackle the problem of ileus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Powered assessments of clinical efficacy are required to confirm or refute the promise of nVNS, as already demonstrated in preclinical models. This feasibility study concludes that a definitive randomized assessment of the clinical benefits of nVNS is desired and feasible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.17194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T10:25:03Z","timestamp":1728728703000},"page":"2101-2111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Non\u2010invasive vagus nerve stimulation to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery: randomized feasibility trial and efficacy assessment (<scp>IDEAL<\/scp> Stage <scp>2B<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikolaj","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack A.","family":"Helliwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Lockwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Naylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Yorkshire Ileostomy Association  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah D.","family":"Stocken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Jayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11326"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12790"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10781"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.169250"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1229"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304676"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-3969-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13501"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13075"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001752"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3204-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15561"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials","volume":"2016","author":"Eldridge SM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046313"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4844-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2003.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318293ee55"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-264"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0594-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.22.16735-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12999"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0948-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013498"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16715"}],"container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/codi.17194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T04:26:44Z","timestamp":1734409604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/codi.17194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/codi.17194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/codi.17194","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8910","1463-1318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8910","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}