{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:04:24Z","timestamp":1790870664464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colorectal Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excisional haemorrhoidectomy is often associated with intense post\u2010operative pain and delayed recovery. Bacterial colonization may contribute to this discomfort, and metronidazole has been proposed as an analgesic adjunct. This study compared the analgesic efficacy of topical metronidazole with oral metronidazole.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register through May 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing topical metronidazole with oral metronidazole for post\u2010operative pain after haemorrhoidectomy were included. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on post\u2010operative days 1, 3, and 7 were pooled. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random\u2010effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic. Risk of bias (RoB 2) and certainty of evidence (GRADE) were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four RCTs involving 439 patients (218 topical, 221 oral) met inclusion criteria. No significant differences were found between topical and oral metronidazole at day 1 (MD \u20130.1; 95% CI \u20130.3 to 0.2;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200925%), day 3 (MD \u20130.4; 95% CI \u20131.3 to 0.6;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200994%), or day 7 (MD \u20130.2; 95% CI \u20131.0 to 0.5;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200990%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical and oral metronidazole showed similar short\u2010term analgesic efficacy after haemorrhoidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.70321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T10:38:30Z","timestamp":1764499110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Topical versus oral metronidazole for post\u2010haemorrhoidectomy pain: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2960-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo Fontel","family":"Pompeu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Heliopolis Hospital  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul  S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2881-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia 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