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Such investigation is important for determining whether and how SL processes are affected in DD at the word level. In this study, typically developed (TD) adults and young adults with DD were exposed to a set of trials that contained multiple spoken words and multiple pictures of individual objects, with no information about word\u2010referent correspondences provided within a trial. Nonetheless, cross\u2010trial statistical relations could be exploited to learn word\u2010referent mappings. The degree of within\u2010trial reference uncertainty and the novelty of to\u2010be\u2010learned objects (novel or familiar) were varied under different learning conditions. The results show that across all conditions, young adults with DD were significantly impaired in their ability to exploit cross\u2010trial regularities in co\u2010occurring visual\u2013auditory streams to discover word\u2010referent mappings. Observed impairments were most pronounced when within\u2010trial reference uncertainty was the highest. Subjective measures of knowledge awareness revealed greater development of implicit but not explicit knowledge in the TD group than in the DD group. Together, these findings suggest that the SL deficit in DD affects fundamental language learning challenges at the word level and points to greater reliance on explicit processes due to impaired implicit associative learning among individuals with DD. 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