{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:46:14Z","timestamp":1760888774372,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated effects of choline treatment on hepatic reticuloendothelial and biliary functions and plasma fatty acid composition in diabetic rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STZ<\/jats:styled-content>). Choline was administered to untreated rats and a portion of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STZ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats for two sequences of five consecutive days, separated by a 2\u2010day interval. Hepatic functions were studied using<jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc Tin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) colloid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content>) and 99\u00a0mTc mebrofenin [bromo\u2010iminodiacetic acid (Br<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDA<\/jats:styled-content>)] imaging. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010uptake ratios (organ\/whole body) of heart, liver and spleen, and the Br<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010uptake ratios (organ or tissue\/whole body) of liver, biliary tree and abdomen were obtained following imaging studies. Fatty acids were analysed by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choline treatment did not attenuate hyperglycaemic development. Diabetic rats showed (i) a decreased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010uptake ratio in liver with co\u2010increased ratios in heart and spleen; choline treatment diminished these changes, (ii) elevated Br<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010uptake ratios in biliary tree and abdomen but not in liver; choline treatment did not attenuate the elevations and (iii) decreases in plasma palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, reflecting an impaired stearoyl\u2010CoA desaturase function; choline treatment did not affect the diminutions, but caused a decrease in arachidonic acid with a co\u2010increase in linoleic acid. Some rats developed hypoproteinemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPO<\/jats:styled-content>).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPO<\/jats:styled-content>rats also exhibited decreases in plasma palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. Diabetes caused almost absence of palmitoleic acid in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPO<\/jats:styled-content>rats. Choline treatment exerted no effect on the plasma fatty acid composition of diabetic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPO<\/jats:styled-content>rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choline treatment affected hepatic reticuloendothelial function and plasma fatty acid composition, but not hepatobiliary function, in diabetic rats. Whether choline treatment is beneficial requires further studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T15:55:45Z","timestamp":1359042945000},"page":"293-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Choline treatment affects the liver reticuloendothelial system and plasma fatty acid composition in diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fatma J.","family":"Al\u2010Saeedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behling","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Departments Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02913315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-0740(85)90015-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"73","author":"Bayard M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1932.sp002899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00011.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnm.0000203629.15784.2e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.07.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02576385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.23.3.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30138-2","article-title":"Distribution and metabolism of intravenously administered choline [methyl\u20103H] and synthesis in vivo of acetylcholine in various tissues of guinea pigs","volume":"193","author":"Haubrich DR","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.7.5.691","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in rats","volume":"7","author":"Heymann W","year":"1951","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.8.2375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)81389-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.6.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1084-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2760(98)00072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R700019-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Hepatic scintigraphy using 99mTc\u2010colloid in liver cirrhosis in children","volume":"32","author":"Mironov SP","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Study of space\u2010occupying lesions in the liver using technetium\u201099\u00a0m tin colloid and indium\u2010113\u00a0m chloride","volume":"67","author":"Nelson MJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000189456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90897.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34154-6","article-title":"Regulation of rat hepatic stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase: the roles of insulin and carbohydrate","volume":"254","author":"Prasad MR","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"RoyalHD BrownML DrumDE NagleCE SylvesterJM RougeB ZiessmanHA.Society of nuclear medicine procedure guideline for hepatic and splenic imaging version 3.0 (2003); 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