{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:22:22Z","timestamp":1788301342240,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]],"date-time":"2014-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24700708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24700708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies have suggested that vertebral artery (VA) hypoplasia is a predisposing factor for posterior cerebral stroke. We examined whether anatomical vertebrobasilar ischemia, i.e., unilateral VA hypoplasia and insufficiency, impairs dynamic blood flow regulation. Twenty\u2010eight female subjects were divided into three groups by defined criteria: (i) unilateral VA hypoplasia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08), (ii) VA insufficiency (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06), and (iii) control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014). Hypoplastic VA criterion was VA blood flow of 40\u00a0ml\u00a0min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, whereas VA insufficiency criterion was net (left\u00a0+\u00a0right) VA blood flow of 100\u00a0ml\u00a0min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> or less. We evaluated left, right, and net VA blood flows by ultrasonography during hypercapnia, normocapnia, and hypocapnia to evaluate VA CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity. The unilateral VA hypoplasia group showed lower CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity at hypoplastic VA than at non\u2010hypoplastic VA (2\u00b765\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b758 versus 3\u00b700\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b748% per mmHg, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7027) and net VA CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity was preserved (Unilateral VA hypoplasia, 2\u00b795\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b748 versus Control, 2\u00b793\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b742% per mmHg, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7992). However, the VA insufficiency group showed a lower net VA CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity compared to the control (2\u00b729\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b755 versus 2\u00b793\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b742% per mmHg, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7032) and the unilateral VA hypoplasia (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7046). VA hypoplasia reduced CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity, although non\u2010hypoplastic VA may compensate this regulatory limitation. In subjects with VA insufficiency, lowered CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity at the both VA could not preserve normal net VA CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity. These findings provide a possible physiological mechanism for the increased risk of posterior cerebral stroke in subjects with VA hypoplasia and insufficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T06:50:04Z","timestamp":1404283804000},"page":"485-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anatomical vertebral artery hypoplasia and insufficiency impairs dynamic blood flow regulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Physical Fitness Japan Women's College of Physical Education Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Yoneya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Physical Fitness Japan Women's College of Physical Education Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aki","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Physical Fitness Japan Women's College of Physical Education Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Sadamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Physical Fitness Japan Women's College of Physical Education Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigehiko","family":"Ogoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Physical Fitness Japan Women's College of Physical Education Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Toyo University Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.5.980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-012-1112-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb05006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000015959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.105767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.137075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250258.76706.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01359.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.204461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.230425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.228551"}],"container-title":["Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcpf.12179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.12179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T08:39:51Z","timestamp":1696322391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cpf.12179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cpf.12179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpf.12179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-0961","1475-097X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-0961","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-097X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]]}}}