{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:47:31Z","timestamp":1787014051882,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of menstrual cycle phase on maximal oxygen uptake (\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0002\"\/>\n                    ) and associated cardiodynamic responses. A total of 16 active females volunteered of which\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a010 formed the non\u2010oral contraceptive pill group (n\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), displaying a regular menstrual cycle of 28\u00b74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00b72\u00a0days (age 20\u00b76\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b76\u00a0years, height 169\u00b79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00b74\u00a0cm, mass 68\u00b77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07\u00b79\u00a0kg) and\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06 formed the oral contraceptive pill group (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) (monophasic pill) (age 21\u00b77\u00a0years\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00b716, height 168\u00b71\u00a0cm\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00b78\u00a0cm, mass 61\u00b76\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00b78\u00a0kg). Each completed four incremental exercise tests for determination of\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0003\"\/>\n                    , cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate. Each test was completed according to the phases of the menstrual cycle as determined through salivary analysis of 17\u2010\u03b2 oestrodiol and progesterone. Non\u2010significant differences were observed for\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0004\"\/>\n                    across phases and between groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;0\u00b705) with additional non\u2010significant differences for\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0005.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0005\"\/>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    between groups. For \u2206\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0006.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0006\"\/>\n                    during the final 60\u00a0s of the\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0007.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0007\"\/>\n                    trial, significant differences were observed between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and n\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0\u00b705) with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showing zero\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0008.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0008\"\/>\n                    plateaus in three pseudo\u2010phases. Significant difference observed for a\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2dif<\/jats:sub>\n                    n\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    between premenstruation and menstruation at 30\u2013100%\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0009.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0009\"\/>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0\u00b705). Data suggest that the\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0010.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0010\"\/>\n                    \u2010plateau is effected by monophasic oral contraceptive pill, furthermore these data imply that\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/cpf12469-math-0011.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:14750961:media:cpf12469:cpf12469-math-0011\"\/>\n                    test outcome is independent of menstrual cycle phase but caution should be applied when evaluating maximal oxygen uptake in females who are administered a monophasic oral contraceptive pill.\n                  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