{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:54:44Z","timestamp":1747184084622,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,30]],"date-time":"2019-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\u201038395\u201087953\u201013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\u201038395\u201087953\u201013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholms L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20140547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20140547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20170870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of myocarditis may include early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) and global relative enhancement (GRE) by <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images acquired before and early after contrast administration. However, the importance of timing for post\u2010contrast imaging has not been evaluated using <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping. We aimed to improve the understanding of the contrast mechanisms by evaluating whether early or late post\u2010contrast <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping was better at detecting myocarditis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controls and patients referred to evaluate myocarditis underwent 1\u00b75T CMR. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping was performed before, and 3\u00a0min (early) and 21\u00a0min (late) after intravenous contrast (0\u00b72\u00a0mmol\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and the GRE and EGE equivalents by <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping were calculated. Focally affected myocardium in myocarditis was defined as increased native <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> compared to remote myocardium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The GRE equivalent by <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping was higher in myocarditis (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a019) compared to controls (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>19) both early (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) and late (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001). While remote myocardium in myocarditis had higher enhancement relative to skeletal muscle compared to controls early (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7002) and late (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001), ECV of skeletal muscle was lower compared to controls both early (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b703) and late (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7004), and remote myocardial ECV did not differ from controls early (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b737) or late (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b752). The difference in ECV between affected and remote myocardium was higher late compared to early by 5\u00b73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b77 versus 4\u00b70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b76%\u2010points (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative evaluation by <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping shows that early post\u2010contrast imaging does not improve the detection of myocarditis compared to late post\u2010contrast imaging. Focal myocardial abnormalities were more conspicuous late post\u2010contrast.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T12:54:00Z","timestamp":1558961640000},"page":"384-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Detection of myocarditis using <i>T<\/i><sub>1<\/sub> and ECV mapping is not improved by early compared to late post\u2010contrast imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Lundin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital, and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 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