{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:09:30Z","timestamp":1793210970171,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001858","name":"VINNOVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic airflow limitation (CAL) can be defined as fixed ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1\u00a0s (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>)\/forced vital capacity (FVC)\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.70 after bronchodilation. It is unclear which is the most optimal ratio in relation to respiratory morbidity. The aim was to investigate to what extent different ratios of FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC were associated with <jats:italic>any respiratory symptom<\/jats:italic>. In a cross\u2010sectional general population study, 15,128 adults (50\u201364\u00a0years of age), 7,120 never\u2010smokers and 8,008 ever\u2010smokers completed a respiratory questionnaire and performed FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and FVC after bronchodilation. We calculated different ratios of FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC from 0.40 to 1.0 using 0.70 as reference category. We analysed odds ratios (OR) between different ratios and <jats:italic>any respiratory symptom<\/jats:italic> using adjusted multivariable logistic regression. Among <jats:styled-content>all subjects<\/jats:styled-content>, regardless of smoking habits, the lowest odds for <jats:italic>any respiratory symptom<\/jats:italic> was at FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC\u00a0=\u00a00.82, OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.41\u20130.56). Among <jats:styled-content>never\u2010smokers<\/jats:styled-content>, the lowest odds for <jats:italic>any respiratory symptom<\/jats:italic> was at FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC\u00a0=\u00a00.81, OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.41\u20130.70). Among <jats:styled-content>ever\u2010smokers,<\/jats:styled-content> the odds for <jats:italic>any respiratory symptom<\/jats:italic> was lowest at FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC\u00a0=\u00a00.81, OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.16\u20131.19), although the rate of inclining in odds was small in the upper part, that is FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC\u00a0=\u00a00.85 showed similar odds, OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.38\u20130.55). We concluded that the odds for <jats:italic>any respiratory symptoms<\/jats:italic> continuously decreased with higher FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC ratios and reached a minimum around 0.80\u20130.85, with similar results among never\u2010smokers. These results indicate that the optimal threshold associated with respiratory symptoms may be higher than 0.70 and this should be further investigated in prospective longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T16:44:16Z","timestamp":1607359456000},"page":"181-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The ratio FEV<sub>1<\/sub>\/FVC and its association to respiratory symptoms\u2014A Swedish general population study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kjell","family":"Tor\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine School of Public Health and Community Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linus","family":"Schi\u00f6ler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine School of Public Health and Community Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Section of Medicine Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPD Center Department or Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"COPD Center Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelie F.","family":"Behndig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Section of Medicine Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Section of Medicine Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Caidahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan E.","family":"Engvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMIV Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization Linkoping University Linkoping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Hamrefors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory\u2010, Allergy\u2010 and Sleep Research Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kylhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory\u2010, Allergy\u2010 and Sleep Research Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Lind\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Lung &amp; Airway Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Karolinska University Hospital Solna Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Malinovschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Physiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Lennart Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH) Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sandelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Eriksson Str\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Section of Medicine Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Tanash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science in Malm\u00f6 Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Vikgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Sahlgrenska University Hospital and the Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Johan \u00d6stgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Wollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Magnus","family":"Sk\u00f6ld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Karolinska University Hospital Solna Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.7.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Comparison of spirometric thresolds in diagnosing smoking\u2010related airflow obstruction","volume":"69","author":"Bhatt S. P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494817702326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198711193172103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-1551ED"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Chronic nonspecific respiratory disease in Berlin, New Hampshire, 1961 to 1967","volume":"107","author":"Ferris B. G.","year":"1973","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201508-1603OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.2.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15326\/jcopdf.6.5.2019.0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01995-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202002-0298LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.5.1319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00164-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200708-1248OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70137-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.2.600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S104644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1096-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0218PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00734-2019"}],"container-title":["Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.12684","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cpf.12684","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.12684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T19:15:27Z","timestamp":1693682127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cpf.12684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cpf.12684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpf.12684","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-0961","1475-097X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-0961","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-097X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}