{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:25:45Z","timestamp":1789737945525,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle growth mediates increases in a strength task which was not directly trained. One hundred fifty\u2010one participants were randomized into control, one\u2010repetition maximum training (1RM\u2010TRAIN), or traditional training (TRAD\u2010TRAIN). Training groups performed isotonic elbow flexion 3x\/week for 6 weeks. Anterior muscle thickness at 50%, 60%\u00a0and 70% upper arm length, and maximal isokinetic torque at 60\u00b0\/sec were assessed pre\u2010 and post\u2010training. Change\u2010score mediation models (adjusted for sex, pre\u2010muscle thickness, and pre\u2010strength) were constructed for each muscle thickness site. The effects of each training group were evaluated relative to the control. Data is presented as coefficient (95% CI). There were no significant relative direct effects on nonspecific strength for either training group outside of the 60% model (1.7 [0.13, 3.27] Nm). The relative effect of 1RM\u2010TRAIN on muscle thickness was greater in 60% (0.09 [0.01, 0.17] cm) and 70% (0.09 [0.00, 0.17] cm) models; while TRAD\u2010TRAIN was greater in all three: (50%\u2009=\u20090.24 [0.15, 0.32]; 60%\u2009=\u20090.24 [0.16, 0.33]; 70%\u2009=\u20090.22 [0.14, 0.31] cm). The effect of muscle thickness on nonspecific strength was only significant for the 60% (\u22123.06 [\u22125.7, \u22120.35] Nm) model. The relative indirect effect on nonspecific strength was not significant for the 1RM\u2010TRAIN or TRAD\u2010TRAIN. Similar to previous findings on specific strength, we did not find evidence for a mediating effect of muscle growth on training induced increases in nonspecific strength. The importance of muscle growth for changes in nonspecifically trained strength may need to be reconsidered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T06:14:36Z","timestamp":1673936076000},"page":"223-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Does muscle growth mediate changes in a nonspecific strength task?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Spitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University Park Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-9932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott J.","family":"Dankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology Laboratory Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Jessee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Applied Human Health and Physical Function Laboratory The University of Mississippi University Park Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University Park Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary W.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University Park Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0568-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science &amp; Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine Juntendo University Inzai Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Loenneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University Park Mississippi 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