{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:27:13Z","timestamp":1768343233579,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bone scintigraphy (BS) is an important tool for detecting bone metastasis. BS with diffuse increased skeletal radioisotope uptake with absent or faint urinary tract and soft tissue activity is defined as a superscan. In this review, we investigate the different etiologies causing superscan and the reported frequency of superscan among different disease entities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search terms were \u2018bone\u2019 AND \u2018superscan\u2019 OR \u2018superscan\u2019 in the PubMed database from 1980 to November 2020. Eligibility criteria included the following: Peer\u2010reviewed studies containing original data using 99mTc\u2010phosphate\u2010analogue BS reporting a superscan pattern. Unretrievable papers, imaging modalities other than BS or with insufficient information to assess the aetiology were excluded. The abstracts of every paper and full texts of potentially eligible papers were assessed independently by three observers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven papers were included (48 case reports and 19 cohort studies). Studies conducted in patients with osteomalacia or skeletal fluorosis revealed superscan in all patients. Other benign causes of superscan were hyperparathyroidism and kidney disease. Among papers with malignant cause, prostate cancer was the most common cause, followed by gastric cancer. The frequency of superscans ranged from 1.3% in a cohort of mixed cancer types up to 2.6% in patients with gastric cancer and up to 23% in a cohort of prostate cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superscan is most frequently seen in prostate cancer, but numerous other cancers and metabolic bone diseases can cause superscan, which should be kept in mind when encountering an unexpected superscan on BS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T10:34:41Z","timestamp":1681814081000},"page":"297-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Frequency of superscan on bone scintigraphy: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1232-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienn","family":"Kovacsne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Kozon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Bentestuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9089-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle D.","family":"Zacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Bone scan in metabolic bone diseases","volume":"15","author":"Abdelrazek S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nuclear Medicine Review. 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