{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:31:07Z","timestamp":1788975067111,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence indicated that an increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability via dietary supplementation decreased sympathetic output. Grape seed extract (GSE) supplement has been known to increase NO production and improve endothelial function in individuals with elevated and stage 1 hypertension (ES1H), but no studies have assessed the effects of this extract on autonomic balance. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 7 days of dietary GSE supplementation on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten males were recruited in this study. Each subject received GSE or placebo supplementation with a 1\u2010week wash\u2010out period. In a double\u2010blinded, cross\u2010over design, hemodynamic responses (heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean atrial pressure (MAP)), heart rate variability (HRV), and cold pressor test (CPT) were compared before and after either GSE or placebo supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicated that GSE decreased resting DBP (75\u2009\u00b1\u20092 vs. 71\u2009\u00b1\u20093) and MAP (91\u2009\u00b1\u20092 vs. 88\u2009\u00b1\u20093) compared to the placebo (DBP:71\u2009\u00b1\u20093 vs. 74\u2009\u00b1\u20093; MAP: 89\u2009\u00b1\u20092 vs. 90\u2009\u00b1\u20092). However, MAP responses to CPT had no difference between post\u2010PL and post\u2010GSE supplementation when expressed as absolute increases (PL, \u039410.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009mmHg, GSE, \u03949.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009mmHg). There were no differences on the HR, SV, CO, SBP, and HRV between placebo and GSE treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests that GSE can be used as a dietary nutraceutical capable of reducing blood pressure and the risk of ES1H development. The reduction of blood pressure occurs via peripheral vasodilation, not associated with cardiac autonomic reactivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T03:45:54Z","timestamp":1746675954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of 7\u2010day dietary supplementation with grape seed extract on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses in elevated and stage 1 hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Albert","family":"Lira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology California Baptist University Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology California Baptist University Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Gillum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology California Baptist University Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology California Baptist University Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6586-8738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong\u2010Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology California Baptist University Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Riebe D. 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