{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:02:06Z","timestamp":1769644926977,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bedside lower\u2011limb vascular assessment commonly relies on pedal pulse palpation or hand\u2011held Doppler, yet their relative time\u2011efficiency and the reliability of Doppler measurements in novices are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty healthy adults were examined by three undergraduate raters without prior Doppler experience. For dorsalis pedis, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial arteries, each rater performed three trials with palpation and with a hand\u2011held continuous\u2011wave Doppler. Primary outcomes were time\u2011to\u2011identification and identification success; for Doppler, peak systolic velocity (PSV) reliability was evaluated (intra\u2011 and inter\u2011rater intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] and Bland\u2013Altman).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Differences were defined as Doppler\u2014palpation (positive values indicate longer time for Doppler). Palpation was faster than Doppler for dorsalis pedis (Hodges\u2013Lehmann +6.47\u2009s, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.40\u20138.00;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and posterior tibial arteries (+6.38\u2009s, 1.10\u201313.61;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012). The anterior tibial artery was never identified by palpation but was identified by Doppler in all participants (exact McNemar\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.91\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u207b\u2076). Doppler reliability for dorsalis pedis PSV was excellent within raters (ICC [3.1]: 0.926\u20130.971) and between raters (ICC [2.1]: 0.966), with small mean biases and narrow limits of agreement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In healthy adults, palpation enables faster identification of dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses, whereas the deeper anterior tibial artery is consistently detected only with Doppler. Doppler\u2011derived PSV shows excellent reproducibility even among novice examiners. These findings provide methods\u2010level evidence to inform protocol design and training; validation in patient populations is required before any workflow recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.70039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T14:33:47Z","timestamp":1764772427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Palpation versus hand\u2011held Doppler for identifying lower\u2011limb peripheral arteries: Time\u2011efficiency and reliability in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Rio","family":"Nakamine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences Naragakuen University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoga","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences Naragakuen University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misaki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences Naragakuen University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy Naragakuen University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Sciences Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Maeshige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164118767599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.10578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm1406358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.16054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). (2023) IWGDF guidelines 2023\u2014peripheral artery disease. Available from:https:\/\/iwgdfguidelines.org\/guidelines-2023\/[accessed 27th September 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Doros G. Design based on intra\u2010class correlation coefficients","volume":"1","author":"Lew R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Biostat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Should we palpate foot pulses?","volume":"74","author":"Magee T.R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","article-title":"A study on lower\u2010limb blood\u2010flow evaluation in older adults using a hand\u2010held Doppler","author":"Mizobe M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"KAKEN Grant\u2010in\u2010Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (Project No. 25671008) Final Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01291-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7133\/jca.18-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.000502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"Peripheral pulse","author":"Zimmerman B.","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.70039","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cpf.70039","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.70039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:56:07Z","timestamp":1769604967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cpf.70039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cpf.70039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpf.70039","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-0961","1475-097X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-0961","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-097X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70039"}}