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However, this increase in heart rate could also be caused by a vascular factor, such as venous entrapment. The aim of this study was to determine whether heart rate increases specifically in the case of venous entrapment during upper\u2010limb dynamic mobilization tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and sixteen patients were asked to perform a provocative manoeuvre consisting of consecutive upper limb mobilizations by raising their arms to the \u201csurrender\u201d position (Su, 90\u00b0 abduction) and then keeping their arms raised in front of the body (\u201cprayer\u201d position, Pra) prior to returning to the initial position (\u201cEnd\u201d). During this manoeuvre, simultaneous venous (V\u2010PPG) and arterial (A\u2010PPG) photoplethysmography (PPG) recordings were obtained. Participants were categorized by PPG recording analysis as having bilateral venous compression only (\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010group) or having no vascular compression (\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010group). All other responses (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200975) were excluded. Heart rate responses in\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010group and\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010group were compared across arm positions using a linear mixed model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917) showed a significantly higher heart rate during the \u2018Su\u2019 phase compared to the \u2018Rest\u2019 phase (+6.9\u2009bpm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and compared to the 24 patients of the\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010group (+4.9\u2009bpm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that the cardiovascular response to dynamic provocative manoeuvres is found specifically in the presence of positional venous upper\u2010limb entrapment and likely results from decreased cardiac pre\u2010charge rather than from adrenergic nerve excitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T05:43:26Z","timestamp":1767332606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heart rate increase results in case of positional venous entrapment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3249-3941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quentin","family":"Petit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"APCoSS, UCO\u2010IFEPSA, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Angers France"},{"name":"Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"Sports and Exercises Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"UMR CNRS 1083 INSERM 6015 Angers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lecoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"Sports and Exercises Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"UMR CNRS 1083 INSERM 6015 Angers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Congnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APCoSS, UCO\u2010IFEPSA, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Angers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Cronier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APCoSS, UCO\u2010IFEPSA, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Angers France"},{"name":"Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"Sports and Exercises Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"UMR CNRS 1083 INSERM 6015 Angers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Yves","family":"de M\u00fcllenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APCoSS, UCO\u2010IFEPSA, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Angers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"Sports and Exercises Medicine, University Hospital Angers France"},{"name":"UMR CNRS 1083 INSERM 6015 Angers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Noury\u2010Desvaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APCoSS, UCO\u2010IFEPSA, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Angers France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-190751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1334668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15191.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2023.152046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164700317362262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Barnier J. 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