{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T02:04:31Z","timestamp":1769652271970,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["853001111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["853001111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate both inter\u2010 and intra\u2010observer reliability of ultrasound\u2010based muscle thickness measurements in able\u2010bodied (AB) individuals, as well as intra\u2010observer reliability in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound measurements of the gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and biceps femoris long head were performed on 31 AB participants and 30 participants with SCI. Each AB participant was scanned on two occasions by three observers, with three repetitions per muscle per occasion. The muscle thickness in participants with SCI was measured using three repetitions during a single test occasion, conducted by one observer. A generalizability (G) study was conducted to assess the reliability of the measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In AB participants, intra\u2010observer reliability for gluteal muscles ranged from G\u2010coefficient: 0.57 to 0.89, and for biceps femoris long head from G\u2010coefficient: 0.60 to 0.76. Inter\u2010observer reliability in AB participants was G\u2010coefficient:0.48\u20130.72 for the gluteal muscles and G\u2010coefficient: 0.52 for the biceps femoris. In contrast, intra\u2010observer reliability in participants with SCI was excellent across all muscles (G\u2010coefficient: 0.95\u20130.99).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound can assess muscle thickness with moderate to good intra\u2010observer reliability in AB participants, but with only poor to moderate inter\u2010observer reliability. In contrast, intra\u2010observer reliability was excellent in participants with SCI. Reliability depends on observer experience and varies across muscles and populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:16:04Z","timestamp":1767863764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intra\u2010 and inter\u2010observer reliability of ultrasound muscle thickness of gluteal and biceps femoris long head in individuals with and without SCI"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7632-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boas J.","family":"Wijker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Denneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Puck","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Tomaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annelaura","family":"Haarler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Weide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidwine B.","family":"Mokkink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna M.","family":"van Dongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W. J.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/10\/2165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Arifin W.N.(2022)Sample size calculator (web). Available from:https:\/\/wnarifin.github.io\/ssc\/ssicc.htmlAccessed 24 November 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-019-03208-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01029-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Berg A.O.&Ed(1993)Clinical guidelines and primary care of pressure ulcers."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"In vitro models to study compressive strain\u2010induced muscle cell damage","volume":"40","author":"Bouten C.V.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2003.50038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Caputo C.(2020)Inter\u2010rater reliability and intra\u2010rater reliability of synchronous ultrasound imaging and electromyography measure of the lumbopelvic\u2010hip muscle complex."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk6040091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280214522787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.205.3.9393511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajtas.20160501.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.294085199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1894386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/jrrd.1991.10.0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3560-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2018.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31819535ee"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.08.0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02811-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-022-00293-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-020-00433-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9567-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9708-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129334-200509000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15386\/mpr-2531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7575\/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.1p.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2010.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9517-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-12-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","volume-title":"Measurement in medicine\u2014practical guides to biostatistics and epidemiology","author":"Vet H.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-025-00424-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Quantifying test\u2010retest relibaility using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM","volume":"19","author":"Weir J.P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ASW.0000000000000259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06088-0"}],"container-title":["Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.70045","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cpf.70045","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.70045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:55:54Z","timestamp":1769604954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cpf.70045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cpf.70045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpf.70045","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-0961","1475-097X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-0961","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-097X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70045"}}