{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:30:47Z","timestamp":1792060247987,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have shown that hydrorelease reduces gliding resistance around nerves and between fascia, alleviating pain. However, the effects of hydrorelease on the mechanical properties of muscle and fascia remain unclear. This study aimed to examine changes in the mechanical properties of muscle and fascia before and after hydrorelease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve consecutive patients with ultrasound\u2010confirmed thickening or stacking of fascia and tenderness were included. The hydrorelease was performed under ultrasound guidance using a 25\u2010G, 40\u2010mm needle in\u2010plane technique, using 6\u2009mL of saline containing 0.17% lidocaine at a concentration insufficient to produce an anaesthetic effect. The shear modulus and tenderness were measured before and after hydrorelease. The shear modulus was measured using ultrasonic shear wave elastography at two points on the muscle and fascia in the slacked and extended positions. Tenderness was evaluated for pain using the numeric rating scale. Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test compared pain levels before and after hydrorelease. A two\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for the shear modulus, with time (pre and post) and position (slacked and extended) as factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tenderness significantly decreased after hydrorelease (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). A two\u2010way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction (time \u00d7 position) for the shear modulus in both muscle and fascia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Post\u2010hoc test results indicated no change in the shear modulus in the slacked position; however, a significant decrease was observed in the extended position after hydrorelease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, hydrorelease reduced the shear modulus of fascia and muscle during elongation, decreasing tissue stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:45:37Z","timestamp":1770975937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of hydrorelease on the mechanical properties of muscle and fascia: A study using ultrasonic shear wave elastography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gakuto","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Professional Post\u2010secondary Course (Physical Therapist), Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare and Dentistry Professional Training College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kousuke","family":"Shiwaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic KKR Sapporo Medical Center Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Kodesho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Research Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS) Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Otsubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Sports Clinic Sapporo 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