{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:55:11Z","timestamp":1790578511616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microvascular dysfunction contributes to PAD progression, and its detection may facilitate earlier recognition and risk stratification. People with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high burden of PAD, yet early detection is limited by disease\u2010related changes, such as medial calcification. Near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a candidate microvascular tool for early PAD detection, but its feasibility in CKD is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate NIRS feasibility for assessing lower limb microvascular function in participants with CKD Stage 5 (dialysis and non\u2010dialysis) versus controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using an ischaemic challenge, lower limb reperfusion kinetics of the tibialis anterior were assessed by NIRS in CKD participants and controls. Feasibility was defined as acceptability, technical limitations, interpretability, and safety; a priori analyses examined associations between participant characteristics and feasibility within CKD. NIRS indices were compared with brachial and popliteal hyperaemic velocity\u2013time integral (VTI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010eight CKD and 20 controls were included. Among CKD participants, 79% of tests were acceptable versus 100% of controls, linked to higher ankle systolic blood pressure and BMI. Interpretability was reduced in 39% of CKD tests, unrelated to these characteristics. Popliteal VTI correlated moderately with NIRS reperfusion time from nadir to baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.64) and hyperemic AUC (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.63); brachial VTI did not.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NIRS was feasible when tolerated, but acceptability and interpretability limited its use in advanced CKD. Acceptability, but not interpretability, was limited by markers of vascular severity consistent with a calcified, poorly compressible vasculature. Moderate correlations with popliteal VTI support the potential utility of NIRS in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:05:23Z","timestamp":1789743923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microvascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: A feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Eli","family":"Bok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3232-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8234-4760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K.","family":"Stickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminu K.","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7296-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branko","family":"Braam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3109-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie E.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107001-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1733774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.953653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00585.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/175045891002000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1010021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2822-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2015.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/amma-2017-0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.74612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/985025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00207.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X9600100112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1500-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/2\/007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.`02.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90101-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.093245"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Peripheral circulation of veterans and non\u2010Veterans with peripheral artery disease and claudication","volume":"1","author":"Gardner A.W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Gerontology & Geriatric Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.02.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08599.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hemodialysis clinical practice guidelines for the Canadian Society of Nephrology","volume":"17","author":"Jindal K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artres.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.34885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.108.784876"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.24.7.075003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2031(01)00144-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/52A.3.B159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.059717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09451209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.04.075"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","first-page":"2354","article-title":"Microvascular disease, peripheral artery disease, and the risk of lower limb amputation","volume":"41","author":"Olesen K.K.W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00167.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.01.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.412447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0121-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.607390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00339.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2011.00129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-012-9348-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12060404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14145"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","first-page":"963","article-title":"Ankle\u2010arm blood pressure index (AABPI) in hemodialysis patients","volume":"91","author":"Testa A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000512263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00290.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00471.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11071073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.07.015"}],"container-title":["Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.70092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cpf.70092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpf.70092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:57:24Z","timestamp":1790575044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cpf.70092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cpf.70092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpf.70092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-0961","1475-097X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-0961","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-097X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70092"}}