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However, little knowledge is available concerning their differentiation efficiency in osteogenic media containing additional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stem cells from the dental apical papilla were isolated from apical papillae of immature third molars and treated with two kinds of mineralization\u2010inducing media, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>2, differing in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentration. Proliferation and osteo\/odontogenic differentiation capacity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010treated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCAP<\/jats:styled-content>s were investigated and compared both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell counting and flow cytometry demonstrated that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>2 containing 1.8\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> additional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> significantly enhanced proliferative potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCAP<\/jats:styled-content>s, compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>1. Osteo\/odontogenic capacity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCAP<\/jats:styled-content>s was much better in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>2 medium than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>1, as indicated by elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, increased calcium deposition and upregulated expression of osteo\/odontoblast\u2010specific genes\/proteins (for example, runt\u2010related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteocalcin, dentin sialoprotein, and dentin sialophosphoprotein). <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> transplantation findings proved that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCAP<\/jats:styled-content>s in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>2 group generated more mineralized tissues, and presented higher expression of osteo\/odontoblast\u2010specific proteins (osteocalcin and dentin sialoprotein) than those in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>1 group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mineralization\u2010inducing media supplemented with 1.8\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> additional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> significantly enhanced cell proliferation and improved differentiation capacity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCAP<\/jats:styled-content>s along osteo\/odontogenic cell lineages, compared to counterparts lacking additional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T13:24:57Z","timestamp":1363699497000},"page":"214-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Proliferation and osteo\/odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells from dental apical papilla in mineralization\u2010inducing medium containing additional <scp>KH<\/scp><sub>2<\/sub><scp>PO<\/scp><sub>4<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu China"},{"name":"College of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology Nanjing Medical 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