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Here, we have analysed the role of microphthalmia\u2010associated transcription factor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MITF<\/jats:styled-content> and its direct target, T\u2010box factor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBX<\/jats:styled-content>2, in regulating proliferation of mammalian neural crest\u2010derived melanocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemistry was used to examine spatial and temporal expression of TBX2 in melanocytes <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. RNAi and cell proliferation analysis were used to investigate functional roles of TBX2. Furthermore, quantitative RT\u2010PCR, western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to further scrutinize molecular mechanisms underlying TBX2\u2010dependent cell proliferation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TBX2 was found to be co\u2010expressed with MITF in melanocytes of mouse hair follicles. Specific <jats:italic>Tbx2<\/jats:italic> knockdown in primary neural crest cells led to inhibition MITF\u2010positive melanoblast proliferation. <jats:italic>Tbx2<\/jats:italic> knockdown in melan\u2010a cells led to reduction in Cyclin D1 expression and G1\u2010phase cell cycle arrest. TBX2 directly activated Ccnd1 transcription by binding to a specific sequence in the Ccnd1 promoter, and the defect in cell proliferation could be rescued partially by overexpression of Cyclin D1 in <jats:italic>Tbx2<\/jats:italic> knockdown melanocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that the Mitf\u2010Tbx2\u2010Cyclin D1 pathway played an important role in regulation of melanocyte proliferation, and provided novel insights into the complex physiology of melanocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T04:21:39Z","timestamp":1445487699000},"page":"631-642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Microphthalmia\u2010associated transcription factor\/T\u2010box factor\u20102 axis acts through Cyclin D1 to regulate melanocyte 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