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Previous studies have shown that rectal administration of both steroids and 5\u2010ASA is superior to one single alone. However, some reports are still controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the treatment choice and efficacy of these different enemas in distal ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Questionnaire survey and a retrospective study were carried out in Chinese hospitals to investigate the efficacy of 5\u2010ASA or hydrocortisone\/dexamethasone or their combination enema in patients with distal active UC. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)\u2010induced colitis model in mice was also utilized to evaluate the effects in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results from questionnaire survey showed that majority of physicians would prefer oral 5\u2010ASA with topical 5\u2010ASA therapy for distal UC patients. However, 43.01% of physicians would like to choose oral 5\u2010ASA and topical hydrocortisone\/dexamethasone with or without 5\u2010ASA enema. A retrospective study demonstrated that 5\u2010ASA enema or 5\u2010ASA combined with hydrocortisone\/dexamethasone enema therapy was superior to hydrocortisone\/dexamethasone enema to decrease C\u2010reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Mayo score and induce clinical remission and clinical response. No superiority of combination therapy was further proved in DSS\u2010induced colitis in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although 43.01% of physicians would like to choose hydrocortisone\/dexamethasone with or without 5\u2010ASA enema for the treatment of distal UC, the combination was not superior to 5\u2010ASA enema. Hydrocortisone\/dexamethasone enema with 5\u2010ASA enema is not recommended for distal active UC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T19:26:42Z","timestamp":1547926002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison of the efficiency of different enemas on patients with distal ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Air Force Military Medical University Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National 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