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Cutaneous innervation is a key part of the peripheral nervous system; therefore, the skin should be considered a sensory organ and an important part of the central nervous system, an \u2018active interface\u2019 and the first connection of the body to the outside world. Peripheral nerves are a complex class of neurons within these systems, subsets of functions are conducted, including mechanoreception, nociception and thermoception. Epidermal and dermal cells produce signalling factors (such as cytokines or growth factors), neurites influence skin cells (such as via neuropeptides), and peripheral nerves have a role in both early and late stages of the inflammatory response. One way this is achieved, specifically in the cutaneous system, is through neuropeptide release and signalling, especially via substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Cutaneous, neuronal and immune cells play a central role in many conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, UV\u2010induced immunosuppression, herpes and lymphomas. Therefore, it is critical to understand the connections and interplay between the peripheral nervous system and the skin and immune systems, the NIC system. Relevant in vitro tissue models based on human skin equivalents can be used to gain insight and to address impact across research and clinical needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T03:39:28Z","timestamp":1566531568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The importance of the neuro\u2010immuno\u2010cutaneous system on human skin equivalent design"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9983-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Vidal Yucha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasey A.","family":"Tamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tufts University 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