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The \u03b1\u2010defensins are broad\u2010spectrum microbicides that play critical roles in controlling gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis of CD involves genetic factors, environmental factors and microflora. Surprisingly, with regard to genetic factors, many susceptible genes and pathogenic pathways of CD, including nucleotide\u2010binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), autophagy\u2010related 16\u2010like 1 (ATG16L1), immunity\u2010related guanosine triphosphatase family M (IRGM), wingless\u2010related integration site (Wnt), leucine\u2010rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), histone deacetylases (HDACs), caspase\u20108 (Casp8) and X\u2010box\u2010binding protein\u20101 (XBP1), are relevant to PCs. As the underlying mechanisms are being unravelled, PCs are identified as the central element of CD pathogenesis, integrating factors among microbiota, intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and the immune system. In the present review, we demonstrate how these genes and pathways regulate CD pathogenesis via their action on PCs and what treatment modalities can be applied to deal with these PC\u2010mediated pathogenic processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T10:48:04Z","timestamp":1605091684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The roles and functions of Paneth cells in Crohn\u2019s disease: A critical review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Erpeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 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