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However, the mechanism controlling the continuous self\u2010renewal and osteo\/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs remains unclear. Special AT\u2010rich sequence\u2010binding protein 2 (SATB2) positively regulates craniofacial patterning, bone development and regeneration, whereas SATB2 deletion or mutation leads to craniomaxillofacial dysplasia and delayed tooth and root development, similar to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) loss\u2010of\u2010function phenotypes. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the SATB2 role in odontogenic MSCs is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SATB2 can regulate self\u2010renewal and osteo\/odontogenic differentiation of odontogenic MSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> expression was detected in the rapidly renewing mouse incisor mesenchyme by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative RT\u2010PCR and Western blot analysis. Ad\u2010<jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> and Ad\u2010si<jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> were constructed to evaluate the effect of <jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> on odontogenic MSCs self\u2010renewal and osteo\/odontogenic differentiation properties and the potential role of <jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> with the osteogenic factor bone morphogenetic protein 9 (<jats:italic>Bmp<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>9<\/jats:italic>) in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> was found to be expressed in mesenchymal cells and pre\u2010odontoblasts\/odontoblasts. We further discovered that <jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> effectively enhances mouse incisor MSCs self\u2010renewal. <jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> acted synergistically with the potent osteogenic factor <jats:italic>Bmp9<\/jats:italic> in inducing osteo\/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> promotes self\u2010renewal and osteo\/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs. Thus, <jats:italic>Satb2<\/jats:italic> can cooperate with <jats:italic>Bmp9<\/jats:italic> as a new efficacious bio\u2010factor for osteogenic regeneration and tooth engineering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T10:05:35Z","timestamp":1614852335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Special AT\u2010rich sequence\u2010binding protein 2 (<i>Satb2<\/i>) synergizes with <i>Bmp9<\/i> and is essential for osteo\/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor mesenchymal stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Qiuman","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry The 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