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Recent evidence has suggested the critical role of gut microbiota in osteoimmunology and its influence on bone metabolisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of probiotics on alveolar bone loss under oestrogen\u2010deficient condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory alveolar bone loss was established in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and rats were daily intragastrically administered with probiotics until sacrifice. Gut microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, systemic immune status and alveolar bone loss were assessed to reveal the underlying correlation between gut microbiota and bone metabolisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found administration of probiotics significantly prevented inflammatory alveolar bone resorption in OVX rats. By enriching butyrate\u2010producing genera and enhancing gut butyrate production, probiotics improved intestinal barrier and decreased gut permeability in the OVX rats. Furthermore, the oestrogen deprivation\u2010induced inflammatory responses were suppressed in probiotics\u2010treated OVX rats, as reflected by reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and a balanced distribution of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      IL\u201017A\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Th17 cells and CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD25\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Foxp3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Treg cells in the bone marrow.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated that probiotics can effectively attenuate alveolar bone loss by modulating gut microbiota and further regulating osteoimmune response and thus represent a promising adjuvant in the treatment of alveolar bone loss under oestrogen deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T03:25:41Z","timestamp":1623209141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Probiotics ameliorate alveolar bone loss by regulating gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Leming","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu 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