{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:34:32Z","timestamp":1768095272524,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Proliferation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute liver failure is usually associated with inflammation and oxidation of hepatocytes and has high mortality and resource costs. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) has occasionally been reported to have no beneficial effect due to poor transplantation and the survival of implanted cells. Recent studies showed that embryonic stem cell (ESC)\u2010derived MSCs are an alternative for regenerative medicine. On the other hand, graphene\u2010based nanostructures have proven useful in biomedicine. In this study, we investigated whether magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) improved the effects of ESC\u2010MSC conditioned medium (CM) on protecting hepatocytes and stimulating the regeneration of damaged liver cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide a rat model of acute liver failure, male rats were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>). The rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely control, sham, CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, ESC\u2010MSC\u2010CM, MGO and ESC\u2010MSC\u2010CM\u00a0+\u00a0MGO. In the experimental groups, the rats received, depending on the group, 2\u00a0ml\/kg body weight CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and either ESC\u2010MSC\u2010CM with 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> MSCs or 300\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg body weight MGO or both. Symptoms of acute liver failure appeared 4\u00a0days after the injection. All groups were compared and analysed both histologically and biochemically 4\u00a0days after the injection. Finally, the results of ESC\u2010MSC\u2010CM and MSC\u2010CM were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicated that the use of MGO enhanced the effect of ESC\u2010MSC\u2010CM on reducing necrosis, inflammation, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced liver failure of the rat model. Also, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase\u20109 (MMP\u20109) was significantly upregulated after treatment with MGO. Also, the results showed that the ESC\u2010MSC\u2010CM has more efficient effective compared to MSC\u2010CM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic graphene oxide improved the hepatoprotective effects of ESC\u2010MSC\u2010CM on acute liver damage, probably by suppressing necrosis, apoptosis and inflammation of hepatocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T20:16:05Z","timestamp":1632773765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Magnetic Fe<sub>3<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub>@graphene oxide improves the therapeutic effects of embryonic stem cells on acute liver 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