{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:17:54Z","timestamp":1792059474964,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/J004316\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/J004316\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021270","name":"Dogs Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Proliferation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signalling contributes to several cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Double\u2010immunofluorescence examined expression of PI3K and TGF\u2010\u03b21 in canine valves. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) from healthy or MMVD dogs were isolated and characterized. Healthy quiescent VICs (qVICs) were treated with TGF\u2010\u03b21 and SC\u201079 to induce activated myofibroblast phenotypes (aVICs). Diseased valve\u2010derived aVICs were treated with PI3K antagonists and expression of RPS6KB1 (encoding p70 S6K) was modulated using siRNA and gene overexpression. SA\u2010\u03b2\u2010gal and TUNEL staining were used to identify cell senescence and apoptosis, and qPCR and ELISA to examine for senescence\u2010associated secretory phenotype. Protein immunoblotting was used to examine expression of phosphorylated and total proteins. TGF\u2010\u03b21 and PI3K are highly expressed in mitral valve tissues. Activation of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and increased expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2 are found in aVICs. TGF\u2010\u03b2 transitions qVICs to aVICs by upregulation of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR. Antagonism of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR reverses aVIC myofibroblast transition by inhibiting senescence and promoting autophagy. Upregulation of mTOR\/S6K induces transformation of senescent aVICs, with reduced capacity for apoptosis and autophagy. Selective knockdown of p70 S6K reverses cell transition by attenuating cell senescence, inhibiting apoptosis and improving autophagy. TGF\u2010\u03b2\u2010induced PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signalling contributes to MMVD pathogenesis and plays crucial roles in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in MMVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T08:03:37Z","timestamp":1677917017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["<scp>TGF\u2010\u03b2<\/scp>\n                    \u2010induced\n                    <scp>PI3K<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>AKT<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>mTOR<\/scp>\n                    pathway controls myofibroblast differentiation and secretory phenotype of valvular interstitial cells through the modulation of cellular senescence in a naturally occurring in vitro canine model of myxomatous mitral valve disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5483-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg R.","family":"Markby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"MacNair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh 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