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Any perturbation in mitochondrial dynamics could cause disorders in cartilage metabolism and even lead to the occurrence of cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). TGF\u2010\u03b23, as an important growth factor that appears in the joints of OA disease, shows its great potential in chondrocyte growth and metabolism. Nevertheless, the role of TGF\u2010\u03b23 on mitochondrial dynamics is still not well understood. Here we aimed to investigate the effect of TGF\u2010\u03b23 on mitochondrial dynamics of chondrocytes and reveal its underlying bio\u2010mechanism. By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the number and morphology of mitochondria, western blotting for the protein expressions, immunofluorescence for the cytoplasmic distributions of proteins, and RNA sequencing for the transcriptome changes related to mitochondrial dynamics. We found that TGF\u2010\u03b23 could increase the number of mitochondria in chondrocytes. TGF\u2010\u03b23\u2010enhanced mitochondrial number was via promoting the mitochondrial fission. The mitochondrial fission induced by TGF\u2010\u03b23 was mediated by AMPK signaling. TGF\u2010\u03b23 activated canonical p\u2010Smad3 signaling and resultantly mediated AMPK\u2010induced mitochondrial fission. Taken together, these results elucidate an understanding of the role of TGF\u2010\u03b23 on mitochondrial dynamics in chondrocytes and provide potential cues for therapeutic strategies in cartilage injury and OA disease in terms of energy metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T03:48:53Z","timestamp":1701143333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<scp>TGF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b23 mediates mitochondrial dynamics through the <scp>p\u2010Smad3<\/scp>\/<scp>AMPK<\/scp> pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Xinmei","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 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