{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:35:08Z","timestamp":1790778908817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Proliferation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive recovery in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by exploring the role of GABAergic neuron activation and modulation of the Cx3cl1\u2010Cx3cr1 signalling axis. The 5xFAD mouse model was utilised for scRNA\u2010seq analysis to examine changes in gene expression post\u2010rTMS. Microglial phagocytic activity, amyloid plaque burden, cell\u2013cell communication, microglial morphology and neuroinflammation markers were assessed. Following rTMS, upregulation of Cx3cl1 in GABAergic neurons was observed, leading to enhanced microglial phagocytosis, reduced amyloid plaque burden, improved cell\u2013cell communication, altered microglial morphology and decreased neuroinflammation markers. This study demonstrates that rTMS promotes A\u03b2 clearance and cognitive recovery in AD by activating GABAergic neurons and enhancing Cx3cl1\u2010Cx3cr1 signalling, providing a novel molecular target for non\u2010invasive AD therapy. These findings support the transition from invasive to non\u2010invasive AD treatments, improving patient adherence and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the elucidation of cellular and molecular mechanisms facilitates drug development targeting the Cx3cl1\u2010Cx3cr1 axis, offering new opportunities for AD intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:55:36Z","timestamp":1748220936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces Cognitive Recovery in Alzheimer's Disease via\n                    <scp>GABAergic<\/scp>\n                    Neuron Activation of the Cx3cl1\u2010Cx3cr1 Axis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facilities and Centers Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1900-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Center for Brain Science and Disease Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418\u2010020\u201000685\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2101028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317520951690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010171161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010021\u201000813\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2022.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)00794\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2023.943223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201024934\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527319666200518100716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010019\u201002022\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.995000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370221989263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111677"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201036519\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010022\u201002486\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010022\u201001096\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478\u2010021\u201001198\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19889092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201016074\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.154585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590\u2010021\u201000913\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419\u2010021\u201004237\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1202\u201006.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024\u2010023\u201000682\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201044704\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00390.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.992505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413\u2010022\u201000237\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010021\u201006963\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10030171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1047435"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010021\u201002182\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401\u2010020\u20100407\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.60531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.47408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031\u2010018\u20101093\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287\u2010019\u20101522\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.44871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0539\u201012.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgad012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010022\u201002501\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571\u2010022\u201001264\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2019.86294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.200270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.745064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1333474"}],"container-title":["Cell Proliferation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cpr.70061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T06:16:01Z","timestamp":1765260961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cpr.70061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cpr.70061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpr.70061","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7722","1365-2184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7722","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70061"}}