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Cancer vaccines utilising\u00a0the immune system offer a promising alternative. Here, we developed a prophylactic whole\u2010cell tumour vaccine by engineering Hepa 1\u20106 cells to express murine granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (mGM\u2010CSF), and investigated its anti\u2010tumour efficacy and underlying mechanisms. The Hepa 1\u20106\u2010mGM\u2010CSF vaccine provided complete and durable protection against both primary and rechallenge tumour inoculations. Hepa 1\u20106\u2010mGM\u2010CSF immunisation robustly activated dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells in both lymph nodes and spleen, characterised by enhanced DC maturation and migration, as well as the differentiation of T cells toward cytotoxic and memory phenotypes. Meanwhile, the Hepa 1\u20106\u2010mGM\u2010CSF vaccine remodelled the tumour microenvironment (TME) toward an immunostimulatory state. Critically, irradiation\u2010induced oxidative stress in mitochondria promoted the release of oxidised mitochondrial DNA (ox\u2010mtDNA), which subsequently activated the cGAS\u2010STING signalling pathway. Ox\u2010mtDNA synergized with vaccine\u2010secreted GM\u2010CSF to promote DC activation, antigen presentation and migration. In summary, our study demonstrates that the Hepa 1\u20106\u2010mGM\u2010CSF vaccine elicits robust anti\u2010tumour immunity through the coordinated release of ox\u2010mtDNA and GM\u2010CSF, with ox\u2010mtDNA synergistically enhancing immune activation via the cGAS\u2010STING signalling pathway. Collectively, these findings highlight the Hepa 1\u20106\u2010mGM\u2010CSF vaccine as a promising strategy for liver cancer management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:17:23Z","timestamp":1775632643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Irradiated Liver Cancer Cell Vaccine Transfected With\n                    <scp>GM<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CSF<\/scp>\n                    Induces Specific and Long\u2010Lasting Anti\u2010tumour Immunity Through the Synergistic Effect of Oxidised\n                    <scp>mtDNA<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>GM<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CSF<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Zhiruo","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 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