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To address this limitation, we developed a rapidly assembled, screening\u2010compatible three\u2010dimensional (3D) bioprinting platform. It encapsulates patient\u2010derived bone marrow mononuclear cells within a gelatin\u2010hyaluronic acid hydrogel, whose mechanical properties are tuned to match those of native bone marrow. Within this controlled 3D microenvironment, primary AML cells better maintain an in\u00a0vivo\u2010like state, showing enhanced viability, sustained proliferative capacity, preservation of stem\u2010like subpopulations, and drug responses that more closely mirror clinical behaviour. Transcriptomic profiling further revealed robust activation of MYC target programs and mTORC1 signalling, accompanied by elevated oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic activity, indicative of the highly proliferative and metabolically active state exhibited by AML cells in\u00a0vivo. These findings demonstrate that our patient\u2010specific, 3D bioprinted system provides a high\u2010fidelity model. This model faithfully recapitulates AML physiology and metabolic features while capturing inter\u2010patient variability. Consequently, it offers a more reliable and predictive platform for preclinical drug assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:48:53Z","timestamp":1781653733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    Bioprinted Platform That Maintains the Functional Integrity of Primary\n                    <scp>AML<\/scp>\n                    Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Wanling","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology &amp; Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Institutes of Health Science  Tianjin 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