{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:55:41Z","timestamp":1790564141965,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025YFC2511603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFC2511603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2025MS1525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025MS1525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Proliferation"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain and is closely associated with metabolic imbalance within the disc microenvironment, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify ammonia accumulation as a metabolically relevant stressor that promotes nucleus pulposus cell injury and death and characterise ammonia\u2010induced cell death (AICD) as a non\u2010canonical, metabolite\u2010driven pathological process in IVDD. Through a combination of clinical cohort\u2010based analyses of human samples, multi\u2010omics profiling, in\u00a0vitro experiments, and in\u00a0vivo models, we demonstrate that ammonia stress induces AICD characterised by coordinated disruption of organelle homeostasis. Mechanistically, ammonia accumulation initially impairs lysosomal integrity, which subsequently triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, accompanied by a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis, ultimately leading to suppressed mitophagy and activation of cell death pathways. Notably, AICD exhibits crosstalk with multiple programmed cell death pathways, highlighting its integration within the broader cell death network. Importantly, modulation of ammonia levels or restoration of organelle homeostasis effectively alleviates NP cell injury and attenuates IVDD progression. Collectively, these findings support AICD as a previously underappreciated, metabolite\u2010driven process contributing to IVDD and highlight the ammonia metabolism\u2013organelle axis as a potential target for future metabolism\u2010 and organelle\u2010directed therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:26:11Z","timestamp":1790562371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ammonia Accumulation Drives Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Triggering Ammonia\u2010Induced Cell Death Through Lysosome\u2013Mitochondria Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery Zhongda Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0337-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yucheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery Zhongda Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2752-9742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University  Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanggong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery Zhongda Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery Zhongda Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery Zhongda Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery Zhongda Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University  Qingdao Shandong China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4722-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongjin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3222-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery Zhongda Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Joint Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society","volume":"147","author":"Chou R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of Internal 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