{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:04:01Z","timestamp":1778799841125,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic idiopathic hyperventilation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content>) is a form of dysfunctional breathing that has proven hard to treat effectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To perform a preliminary test of the hypothesis that by periodically inducing normocapnia over several weeks, it would be possible to raise the normal resting level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> and achieve a reduction of symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content> patients were treated 2\u2009h a day for 4 weeks with a novel breathing mask. The mask was used to induce normocapnia in these chronically hypocapnic patients. Capillary blood gases and acid\/base parameters [capillary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> tension (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>capCO2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>, and standard base excess (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBE<\/jats:styled-content>)] were measured at baseline and once each week at least 3\u2009h after mask use, as well as spirometric values, breath\u2010holding tolerance and hyperventilation symptoms as per the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ijmegen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>uestionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NQ<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mask treatment resulted in a significant increase of resting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>capCO2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> (+0.45\u2009k<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>a, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028), a moderate increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBE<\/jats:styled-content> (+1.4\u2009m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>q\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035) and a small reduction in daily symptoms (\u22123.8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NQ<\/jats:styled-content> units, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046). The effect was most pronounced in the first 2 weeks of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>By inducing normocapnia with the breathing mask 2\u2009h a day for 4 weeks, the normal resting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> and acid\/base levels in chronically hyperventilating patients were partially corrected, and symptoms were reduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T13:29:05Z","timestamp":1359638945000},"page":"359-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Normalizing <scp><scp>CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp><\/scp> in chronic hyperventilation by means of a novel breathing mask: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Troels","family":"Johansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory 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