{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:52:57Z","timestamp":1770277977158,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coexistent respiratory failure and metabolic alkalosis is a common finding. Acidotic diuretics cause a fall in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> that may stimulate respiration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short\u2010term treatment with acetazolamide for combined respiratory failure and metabolic alkalosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomised, placebo\u2010controlled and double\u2010blind parallel group trial where oral acetazolamide 250\u2009mg three times a day for 5 days were administered to patients hospitalised for respiratory failure because of a pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2264\u20098\u2009k<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>a and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2265\u20097\u2009k<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>a) who had concurrent metabolic alkalosis [base excess (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content>) \u22658\u2009mmol\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>]. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> after 5 days was the primary effect variable. Secondary effect variables were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> on day 5, and the total number of days in hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 70 patients enrolled (35 in each group), data from 54 were analysed per protocol, while last observation carried forward was used for the remaining 16. During the 5\u2010day treatment, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> increased on average 0.81\u2009k<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>a in the placebo group and 1.41\u2009k<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>a in the acetazolamide group. After adjustment for baseline skewness, the difference was statistically significant (adjusted mean difference 0.55\u2009k<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>a, 95% confidence interval 0.03\u20131.06). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> decreased in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. As expected, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content> decreased markedly in the acetazolamide group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acetazolamide may constitute a useful adjuvant treatment mainly to be considered in selected patients with respiratory failure combined with prominent metabolic alkalosis or where non\u2010invasive ventilation is insufficient or infeasible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T09:26:39Z","timestamp":1365758799000},"page":"390-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Acetazolamide improves oxygenation in patients with respiratory failure and metabolic alkalosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ragnhild","family":"Gulsvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingunn","family":"Skj\u00f8rten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Undhjem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Hol\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Frostad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eirunn Waatevik","family":"Saure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasvija","family":"Lejlic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Soerlandet Hospital  Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sjur","family":"Humerfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torgeir","family":"Bruun Wyller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e31822b4939"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00255.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1199OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1795-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10448"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"DuBose TD","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Acetazolamid bei hyperkapnischer chronischer obstruktiver Lungenkrankenheit \u2013 eine Renaissance?","volume":"113","author":"Hacki MA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Schwiez Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7321.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.2.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrase inhibition. 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