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The identification of risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XDR\u2010TB<\/jats:styled-content> is of paramount importance to design effective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> control strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review published articles on risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XDR\u2010TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 249 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>nglish articles on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ub<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ed, and 182 were excluded by the abstract. The remaining articles were retrieved for full\u2010text detailed evaluation by authors, and 27 relevant articles were selected for final review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some risk factors were consistently present, mainly previous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> treatment and its length. Other conditions often associated were immigration, alcoholism and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> coinfection. Pre\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XDR\u2010TB<\/jats:styled-content> points to an increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XDR\u2010TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The information regarding determinants of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XDR\u2010TB<\/jats:styled-content> is relatively weak. However, special emphasis should be given to minimize the risks of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> retreatment to prevent the emergence of highly resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T12:05:10Z","timestamp":1374494710000},"page":"11-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Risk factors for extensively drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Flor de Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Master Programme in Medicine Hospital de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o and University of Porto Medical School  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Hospital de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o and University of Porto Medical School  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70260-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Extensively drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis (XDR\u2010TB): recommendations for prevention and control","volume":"81","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Multidrug and extensively drug\u2010resistant TB (M\/XDR\u2010TB) 2010 Global report on surveillance and response. 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