{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T20:02:01Z","timestamp":1759694521248},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inhalation of cold air is a well\u2010recognized cause of bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Sudden changes in weather temperature outdoors and indoors due to the extensive use of air conditioning in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>uwait is an important existing problem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the most effective anti\u2010asthmatic drugs for preventing or reversing cooling\u2010induced contraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIC<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recorded isometric tension from tracheal strips, and bronchiolar rings were prepared from male <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>erino sheep in organ baths during stepwise cooling. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIC<\/jats:styled-content> was tested before and after addition of various standard agents. Disodium cromoglycate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSG<\/jats:styled-content>), methyl prednisolone, atropine, aminophylline, isoprenaline and adrenaline were examined in two cases. The first was before cooling and the second was after cooling induced the maximum bronchoconstriction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cooling to 20\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> induced a rapid and reproducible contraction in ovine tracheal and bronchial preparations. On readjustment to 37\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>, the tone returned rapidly to basal level. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSG<\/jats:styled-content>, methyl prednisolone and atropine did not prevent or reverse the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIC<\/jats:styled-content>. Aminophylline prevented <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIC<\/jats:styled-content> by 70%. It inhibited the peak of cooling response by 70%. \u03b2\u2010agonists (isoprenaline and adrenaline) abolished the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIC<\/jats:styled-content>, and they also rapidly and totally reversed the cooling effect when added at the peak of bronchoconstriction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results proved that \u03b2\u2010agonists are the drugs of choice in preventing the bronchoconstriction before exposure to cold environment and also completely reversing the bronchoconstriction induced after cooling exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T02:47:23Z","timestamp":1389322043000},"page":"74-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of different anti\u2010asthmatic drugs on cooling\u2010induced bronchoconstriction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Seham","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Nursing Public Authority for Applied Education and Training  Kuwait Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1998.0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1623-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1998.0412"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"Asthma: a simple concept but in reality a complex disease","volume":"128","author":"Holgate ST","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Bronchodilator drugs","volume":"120","author":"Paterson JW","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Effect of disodium cromoglycate on the action of bronchoactive agents in guinea\u2010pig tracheal strips","volume":"34","author":"Kitamura S","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"S42","article-title":"Corticosteroids","volume":"15","author":"Lofdahl CG","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"British Thoracic Society.British guideline on management of asthma.2012; Available at:http:\/\/www.brit\u2010thoracic.org%20.uk\/guidelines\u2010and\u2010quality\u2010standards\/asthma\u2010guideline\/(accessed August 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2680.1999.00134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1981.tb09956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-590450-6.50010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-0600(89)80009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Airway Disease","author":"Barnes PJ","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2009.01195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220903078431"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6197.1033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62210-7"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcrj.12108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.12108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T05:45:56Z","timestamp":1696311956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/crj.12108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/crj.12108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.12108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-6981","1752-699X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-699X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]]}}}