{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:32:33Z","timestamp":1761129153843},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>The epidemiology of non\u2010tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM<\/jats:styled-content>) infection is not well defined. We evaluated the trends in incidence of NTM<\/jats:styled-content> infections at S<\/jats:styled-content>an F<\/jats:styled-content>rancisco G<\/jats:styled-content>eneral H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital (SFGH<\/jats:styled-content>), a large metropolitan county hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We performed a retrospective review of microbiologic and clinical records of all patients with a positive NTM<\/jats:styled-content> culture reported from 1993 to 2001. NTM<\/jats:styled-content> infection was defined by the isolation of ><\/jats:styled-content>1 NTM<\/jats:styled-content> from any clinical specimen. Patients were stratified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors that were independently associated with NTM<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Trends over time were assessed using P<\/jats:styled-content>oisson test for trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>During the study period, 25\u2009736 samples from 7395 patients were cultured for mycobacteria. Of these samples, 2853 (11.1%) from 1345 patients (18.2%) were culture positive for NTM<\/jats:styled-content>. Patient characteristics associated with infection included younger age (P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<\u20090.001), male gender (P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<\u20090.001), W<\/jats:styled-content>hite ethnicity compared with A<\/jats:styled-content>sian and H<\/jats:styled-content>ispanic (P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<\u20090.001 and P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.01, respectively), and HIV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity (P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<\u20090.001). Overall, NTM<\/jats:styled-content> infection at SFGH<\/jats:styled-content> decreased significantly from 319 cases in 1993 to 59 in 2001 (P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<\u20090.001). M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>ycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic> was predominant in both HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative populations (74.5% and 44.6% of isolates, respectively), and M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>ycobacterium kansasii<\/jats:italic> was the second most common NTM<\/jats:styled-content> species isolated. The proportion of other NTM<\/jats:styled-content> species isolated in these groups differed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>I<\/jats:styled-content>n contrast to other published studies, time\u2010series analyses show that NTM<\/jats:styled-content> isolation rates decreased during the study period at SFGH<\/jats:styled-content>, where NTM<\/jats:styled-content> was most strongly associated with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T10:41:37Z","timestamp":1399372897000},"page":"436-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Non\u2010tuberculous mycobacterial infections at S<\/scp>an F<\/scp>rancisco G<\/scp>eneral H<\/scp>ospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Leslie C.","family":"Sheu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tu M.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah G.","family":"Jarlsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore K.","family":"Marras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles L.","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections National Jewish Health Denver CO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Nahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Non\u2010tuberculous mycobacteria: patterns of isolation. 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