{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T06:51:30Z","timestamp":1763967090779},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Scientific Research and Development Office of the Hacettepe University","award":["08D12101006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08D12101006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thalassemia major (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TM<\/jats:styled-content>) is characterized by abnormal hemoglobin synthesis, which results in decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues, ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload. The purpose of this study was to find out the predominant type of lung mechanical abnormalities in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TM<\/jats:styled-content> patients, the prevalence of the change in pulmonary diffusing capacity and to search the association of cytokines with pulmonary function tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFTs<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TM<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) who were on regular transfusion program were included in the study. Pretransfusional and posttransfusional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFTs<\/jats:styled-content> were performed. Before transfusion, blood samples were collected for complete blood count, serum ferritin, zinc, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21), interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20108 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obstructive lung pattern was the predominant pulmonary sequela. Male gender was the main risk factor for pulmonary function abnormality. Because of very low values, serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 levels of all patients were undetectable, and serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 levels could be measured only in six patients. Median serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 level was higher in patients with abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFT<\/jats:styled-content>. Pretransfusional single breath diffusion of carbon monoxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) correlated negatively with serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 and ferritin levels. After transfusion, there was a statistically significant decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity, and airway conductance but significant increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although they are mostly asymptomatic, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TM<\/jats:styled-content> patients have important <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFT<\/jats:styled-content> abnormalities. Blood transfusion may have an acute deleterious effect on pulmonary functions. The disturbed pulmonary functions were found to correlate with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 levels. Relations of different cytokines with different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFT<\/jats:styled-content> parameters suggest that the immune system is effective pulmonary dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T01:52:57Z","timestamp":1406598777000},"page":"153-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of blood transfusion on cytokine profile and pulmonary function in patients with thalassemia major"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bora","family":"G\u00fclhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Hacettepe University  Ankara 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