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The aims of this study were to investigate the bacterial aetiology of CAP<\/jats:styled-content> in hospitalized patients in N<\/jats:styled-content>orway, risk factors for CAP<\/jats:styled-content> and possible differences in risk factors between patients with L<\/jats:styled-content>egionnaire's disease and pneumonia because of other causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Adult patients with radiologically confirmed CAP<\/jats:styled-content> admitted to hospital were eligible for the study. Routine aerobic and L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>egionella<\/jats:italic> culture of sputum, blood culture, urinary antigen test for L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>egionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic> and S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>treptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, polymerase chain reaction detection of C<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>hlamydophila pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>ycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>ordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic> from throat specimens, and serology for L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pneumophila<\/jats:italic> serogroup 1\u20136 were performed. A questionnaire, which included demographic and clinical data, risk factors and treatment, was completed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We included 374 patients through a 20\u2010month study period in 2007\u20132008. The aetiological agent was detected in 37% of cases. S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (20%) was the most prevalent agent, followed by H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>aemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> (6%) and L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>egionella<\/jats:italic> spp. (6%). Eight L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>egionella<\/jats:italic> cases were diagnosed by urinary antigen test, of which four also had positive serology. In addition, 13 L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>egionella<\/jats:italic> cases were diagnosed by serology. The degree of comorbidity was high. An increased risk of hospital\u2010diagnosed L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>egionella<\/jats:italic> pneumonia was found among patients with a diagnosis of chronic congestive heart failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Our results indicate that S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in hospitalized patients, and the prevalence of L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>egionella<\/jats:italic> pneumonia is probably higher in N<\/jats:styled-content>orway than recognized previously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,12]],"date-time":"2015-03-12T11:06:57Z","timestamp":1426158417000},"page":"756-764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Aetiology and risk factors of community\u2010acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in 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