{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:28:13Z","timestamp":1789925293205,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ghrelin, a growth hormone\u2010releasing peptide, has shown efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in previous trials. This study was designed to evaluate the effective dose of ghrelin in chronic respiratory failure patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized, double\u2010blind, dose\u2010finding, single\u2010center study, 18 patients, including 16 with COPD, were randomly assigned to receive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) with intravenous ghrelin at 1 \u03bcg\/kg or 2 \u03bcg\/kg, twice daily for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in peak oxygen uptake (\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/crj12364-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:17526981:media:crj12364:crj12364-math-0001\"\/>). Secondary outcomes included changes in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)\u2010A levels, and exertional cardio\u2010respiratory functions with blood gas analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With incremental exercise, there was no significant differences in the mean difference (high\u2010dose ghrelin minus low\u2010dose ghrelin) of peak \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/crj12364-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:17526981:media:crj12364:crj12364-math-0002\"\/> (1.0 mL\/kg\/min, 95% CI: \u22120.6 to 2.6 mL\/kg\/min, between\u2010group, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.193). However, there were significant differences in the mean difference of (i) O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010pulse (0.6 mL\/beats, 95% CI: 0.0 to 1.1 mL\/beats, between\u2010group, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035) at iso\u2010time; and ii) PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (4.2 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.2 to 8.2 mmHg, between\u2010group, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041) and PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (\u22123.1 mmHg, 95% CI: \u22126.0 to \u22120.3 mmHg, between\u2010group, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) at peak exercise. The mean difference in the plasma VEGF\u2010A level was significantly inhibited by high dose\u2010ghrelin with PR (\u2212125.4 pg\/mL, 95% CI: \u2212235.2 to \u221215.5 pg\/mL, between\u2010group, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the primary outcome of the study was not met, high\u2010dose ghrelin with PR improved exertional cardiac function and blood gas values, and inhibited circulating VEGF\u2010A levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T23:48:51Z","timestamp":1439250531000},"page":"496-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Randomized, dose\u2010finding trial of ghrelin treatment for chronic respiratory failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Miki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory 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